Cyborwolf

This page is dedicated to those in grade school who may be interested in physics, but may lack the mathematical or literary background. I have simplified the concepts as best I can in order to illustrate the main ideas in each of our theories.

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Both of our papers can be found at the following site:

http://www.groupkos.com/eso/tiki-index.php?page=Electromagnetic+Gravitation

We will deal with our first theory, Electromagnetic Gravitation.

The main idea is that light can cause gravity like matter. One can imagine that there are two kinds of gravity; one due to mass and one due to light, or energy.

Before we go further, let’s start with the anomaly. In 1999 some NASA mentioned in a paper that two of their space probes that are on their way out of the Solar System, Pioneer 10 and 11, were not where they were supposed to be. It is as if they are being dragged off course by a force directed toward the sun. They reported that the force is constant with distance. “Constant” with distance means that the force was the same no matter how far the probes moved away from the sun.

This is unusual because most forces, electric or gravitational, decrease the further you  move away from thier sources. Even light gets weaker the further you move away from the source of light. The diagram below attempts to illustrate this point.

Figure 1

The top part of the diagram shows a fire with a graph to the right of it, and the bottom shows a picture of the earth with a similar graph. We put them together because  the force of gravity and the heat you feel from a fire are similar in that they weaken (grow less) the further you move away.

Suppose you are standing at the vertial white line on the graph near the fire, and you record the amont of heat you can feel. You know that if you move away from the fire you will feel less heat. What the graph illustrates is that whatever heat you feel (or measure) at the first white line will be only one fourth the amount if you move to the point of the graph with the number 2. It will be one ninth at number 3, etc.

The same principle that applies to heat also applies to gravity. Let’s say you weighed yourself on the earth and found that you weigh 100 pounds. If you moved away from the earth, say 100 miles above the surface and weighed yourself again, you would find that you weigh less there than at the surface. Scientists say that gravity,a nd the heat from a fire, have a “one over “r” squared dependence”. If you do not understans what this means, don’t worry. Just remember that gravity and heat become less the further away you move from the earth or the source of the heat.

In the case of the Pioneer probes however, we suggested that the force was due to light, but that it did not depend on how close the probes are to the Sun. Instead it depnds on teh frequency (color) of the light. In other words, suppose that you look at the Sun when it is nearby. The Sun will appear yello. If you move far away so that you have to use a telescope to see it, it will appear small and dim, but it will still have the same color. Since the color does not change with distance, the force due to the color of the Sun’s light would stay the same.

Furthermore, we proposed that in order to make something  weigh more in a gravity field caused by light, you would have to change the color of the light. Suppose we look at a spectrum, which is similar to a rainbow. We propose that the red ligth would produce a weak gravity force, and that as you moved toward the violet end of the spectrum, the force would increase.

Figure 2

Figure two represents an ‘experiment’ to illustrate our idea. Suppose we take a cat and place it in the gravity field caused by a red light and weigh it. Suppose it weighs 10 pounds. If we were to place it in the gravity field due to a blue light, we would find that it would weigh more.

Our basic idea is that the force due to light from the Sun is constant with distance!

Figure 3

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Our second theory is called “Dimensional/Gravitational Symmetrical Model for Particles and Gravity in Terms of Electrodynamics”. This means that we are proposing that certain characteristics depend upon what shape they take.

In order to better illustrate what we mean by shape and characteristics or properties, we will use the art of origami as an example. Origami is the art of paper folding, where you take paper and fold it to make a new opject. Below is a photo of a dragon made by Joseph Wu.

 http://www.mingei.org/brorigami.html

So let’s pretend that papaer has certain properties. We will pretend that it has only two dimensions, meaning that it has only length and width. We could fold it and make a paper airplane. It would then be able to fly; we will pretend that the paper’s ability to fly (as a paper airplane) is because of its new shape.

Figure 3 illustrates our model. In the Figure, we fold a sheet of paper to make a box. It goes from having two dimensions (height and length) to three dimensions (Height length and width). Also, as a box, it has a new property of volume, and it can hold things inside of it.

Figure 4

Now we will take our idea one last step further. In nature there is a phenomena known as pair production, where a photon of light materializes into two particles, an electron and positron.

Let us simplify this picture a little. You can think of a photon as a particle of light. It is as if light can be treated as though it is made of small balls, and a photon is a small ball of light or energy. By materializing, we mean that this small ball of light turns into two other objects, and electron and its anit-particle, a positron. For now, remember that the basic idea is that energy or light, can turn into physical matter, or something you can hold.

We propose that light, which has no mass (meaning it is something that you cannot hold) turns into matter, which does have mass (meaning that you can weigh it). We propose that this is because a photon changes its shape, like a sheet of paper being changed into a new shape in origami. So the electron and the positron are actually the original photon, except that it is in a different shape from its original form. Figure 5 tries to illustrate this concept.

Figure 5

On the left picture in figure 5 represents a photon. The blue part of the photon is the ‘magnetic wave’ part, and the yellow represents the ‘electric wave’ part. You may think of them for now as waves on a string. The picture on the right attempts to show that the magnetic wave part of the photon becomes the mass of the electron, and the electric wave part becomes the electric field that gives the electron its charge. (We left the other particle, the positron, out for simplicity).

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